[Clinical and electromyographic findings in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy]. / Manifestaciones clínicas y alteraciones electroneuromiográficas en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 y polineuropatía.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic neuropathy represents a polyneuropathy with electrophiosiological alterations. Electroneuromyography (NMD) plays an important role in the evaluation of patient with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) and doubtful neuropathy. OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical manifestations in patients with distal symmetrical sensory polyneuropathy (DSSP) and to correlate them with electromyographic alterations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Transversal, analytical study. 138 patients over 18 years old, with DM2 and PSSD were selected. They underwent physical examination, laboratory studies and electromyography (EM) with 4-channel Nicolet electromyograph. Measures of central tendency and their dispersion were analyzed; data normality with Kolmogorov-Smirnov; Student's t test and Spearman's correlation. RESULTS: Thalar hyperkeratosis was the most frequent clinical finding in 103 (74%) patients. The most frequent symptoms were paresthesia in 132 (95.7%) patients and tingling in 93 (67.4%) patients. Exploration of superficial sensitivity determined neuropathy in 42 (30.4%) patients finding greater insensitivity in the medial plantar nerve territory. In the EM, the nerve with the greatest absent response was the left lateral plantar nerve in 51 (59%) patients. A significant correlation (p < 0.05) was found between the variables of EM with age, years of evolution and levels of glycated hemoglobin A1c. CONCLUSIONS: The higher the lack of glycemic control, the chronobiology of the patient and the time of illness, the greater the electromyographic affection.

INTRODUCCIÓN: la neuropatía diabética representa una polineuropatía con alteración electrofiosiológica. La electroneuromiografía (ENM) desempeña un papel importante en la evaluación del paciente con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) y neuropatía dudosa. OBJETIVO: determinar las manifestaciones clínicas en pacientes con polineuropatía sensitiva simétrica distal (PSSD) y correlacionarlas con alteraciones electroneuromiográficas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio transversal, analítico. Se seleccionaron 138 pacientes mayores de 18 años, con DM2 y PSSD. Se les realizó exploración física, estudios de laboratorio y ENM con electromiógrafo Nicolet de 4 canales. Se analizaron las medidas de tendencia central y su dispersión; normalidad de datos con Kolmogorov-Smirnov; t de Student y correlación de Spearman. RESULTADOS: la hiperqueratosis talar fue el hallazgo clínico más frecuente en 74% de los pacientes. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron parestesias en 95.7% y hormigueo en 67.4%. La exploración de sensibilidad superficial determinó neuropatía en 30.4%, encontrando mayor insensibilidad en el territorio del nervio plantar medial. En la ENM, el nervio con mayor respuesta ausente fue el plantar lateral izquierdo en 59%. Se encontró correlación significativa (p < 0.05) entre las variables electroneuromiograficas con la edad, años de evolución y niveles de hemoglobina glucosilada A1c (HbA1c). CONCLUSIONES: a mayor descontrol glucémico, cronobiología del paciente y tiempo del padecimiento, mayor es la afección electroneuromiográfica.

Colonización e infección bucal por Candida sp. en pacientes diabéticos y no diabéticos con enfermedad renal crónica en diálisis / No disponible

Introducción: La candidosis bucal (CB) es una infección oportunista frecuente en el paciente inmunocomprometido y algunas veces es importante conocer la especie para el tratamiento. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de distintas especies de Candida colonizando o infectando la mucosa bucal (MB) de pacientes diabéticos (DM) y no diabéticos (no DM) con enfermedad renal crónica, comparando ambos grupos y explorando algunos posibles factores de riesgo. Metodología: Se examinó a 56 pacientes DM y 80 no DM con diálisis crónica. Se tomaron muestras de la MB y se sembraron en agar placas dextrosa Sabouraud. La especie se identificó con galerías API®. La CB se confirmó con citología exfoliativa. Las asociaciones se investigaron con χ2, Prueva exacta (PE) de Fisher y regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: La prevalencia de Candida fue del 43,4 %: 53,6 % DM y 36,2 % no DM (p = 0,045). Las especies fueron C. albicans 74,6 %, C. glabrata 22,0 %, C. tropicalis 15,2 %, C. parapsilosis 3,4 %, C. kefyr 3,4 % y C. famata 1,7 % sin diferencia entre grupos. Los DM tuvieron mayor frecuencia de xerostomía (p = 0,002), flujo salival bajo (p = 0,008) y albúmina sérica más baja (p = 0,018). Tuvieron CB 16,9 %, 23,2 % DM frente a 12,5 % no DM (p = 0,101). Se asociaron a presencia de Candida en la MB: uso de prótesis (odds ratio [OR] 25,6, límite de confianza [LC] 95 % 2,5 a 253, p = 0,001), xerostomía (OR 9,6, LC 95 % 2,4 a 38,1, p = 0,001) y bajos valores de albúmina sérica (OR 0,41, LC 95 % 0,22 a 0,98, p = 0,044). Conclusiones: La presencia de Candida sp. en la MB se asoció a prótesis dental, xerostomía y albúmina sérica baja (AU)

Introduction: Oral candidiasis (OC) is a common opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. Species identification is sometimes important for treatment. Objective: to determine the prevalence of different Candida species colonising or infecting the oral mucosa (OM) of diabetic (DM) and non-diabetic (non-DM) chronic kidney disease patients, comparing both groups and exploring potential risk factors. Methods: 56 DM and 80 non-DM patients on chronic dialysis were examined. OM swabs were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar plates. Candida species were identified with API® galleries. OC was confirmed by exfoliative cytology. Statistical associations were analysed using χ2, Fisher's exact test (ET), and multiple logistic regression. Results: Candida prevalence was 43.4%: 53.6% DM and 36.3% non-DM, (p=.045). The species identified were C.albicans 74.6%, C. glabrata 22.0%, C. tropicalis 15.2%, C. parapsilosis 3.4 %, C. kefyr 3.4% and C. famata 1.7% without difference between groups. DM patients had a higher xerostomia prevalence (p=.002) and lower salivary flow (p=.008) and lower serum albumin (p=.018). 16.9% of patients had OC, 23.2% DM compared with 12.5% non-DM, (p=.101). The following were associated with the presence of Candida in the OM: the use of dental prostheses (odds ratio [OR] 25.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.5 to 253, P=.001), xerostomia (OR 9.6, 95% CI 2.4 to 38.1, P=.001) and low serum albumin values (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.98, P=.044). Conclusions: The presence of Candida sp. in the OM was associated with dental prostheses, xerostomia and low serum albumin (AU)

Oral colonisation and infection by Candida sp. in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis.

INTRODUCTION: Oral candidiasis (OC) is a common opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. Species identification is sometimes important for treatment. objective: to determine the prevalence of different Candida species colonising or infecting the oral mucosa (OM) of diabetic (DM) and non-diabetic (non-DM) chronic kidney disease patients, comparing both groups and exploring potential risk factors. METHODS: 56 DM and 80 non-DM patients on chronic dialysis were examined. OM swabs were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar plates. Candida species were identified with API® galleries. OC was confirmed by exfoliative cytology. Statistical associations were analysed using χ2, Fisher's exact test (ET), and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Candida prevalence was 43.4%: 53.6% DM and 36.3% non-DM, (p=.045). The species identified were C. albicans 74.6%, C. glabrata 22.0%, C. tropicalis 15.2%, C. parapsilosis 3.4 %, C. kefyr 3.4% and C. famata 1.7% without difference between groups. DM patients had a higher xerostomia prevalence (p=.002) and lower salivary flow (p=.008) and lower serum albumin (p=.018). 16.9% of patients had OC, 23.2% DM compared with 12.5% non-DM, (p=.101). The following were associated with the presence of Candida in the OM: the use of dental prostheses (odds ratio [OR] 25.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.5 to 253, P=.001), xerostomia (OR 9.6, 95% CI 2.4 to 38.1, P=.001) and low serum albumin values (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.98, P=.044). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of Candida sp. in the OM was associated with dental prostheses, xerostomia and low serum albumin.